PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.